Standard Trio Paternity

Participants for a standard paternity test, called a trio, are the mother, child and alleged father.

Motherless Paternity Testing

Paternity can be determined even when the mother is unwilling or unavailable to be tested.

Grandparentage Test - Full

A grandparentage test is performed to determine a child’s relationship to the alleged father’s family when the alleged father is unavailable or unwilling and no post-mortem sample is available.

Grandparentage Test - Single

A single grandparentage test is performed to determine a child’s relationship to the alleged father’s family when the alleged father is unavailable or unwilling and no post-mortem sample is available. A single grandparentage tests involves testing only one grandparent.

Siblingship Test - Full and Half Siblings

There are two types of relationships that siblings can share: Full Siblingship and Half Siblingship. Full Siblings share two common parents and half-siblings share just one common parent.

Genetic Reconstruction Test

Genetic reconstruction is used to test the relationship between a child and biological relatives of the alleged father, if he is deceased or unavailable for testing

Y-STR Test

The Y-STR paternal lineage test is used to determine whether two or more males are related through their fathers (through the paternal/male line).

Mitochondrial (mtDNA) Relationship Test

The mtDNA maternal lineage test is used to determine whether two or more individuals are related through their mothers (through the maternal/female line).

Avuncular Test

An avuncular test is performed to determine if two individuals are related to each other as aunt–nephew (or niece) or as uncle–nephew (or niece).

Twin Zygosity Test

A twin zygosity test is a DNA test that definitively shows whether twins are identical or fraternal.